Abstract

The Internet of things (IoT) is characterized by billions of heterogeneous, distributed, and intelligent objects—both from the digital and the physical worlds—running applications and services. Objects are connected through heterogeneous platforms providing support for the collection and management of data that need to be understood. Since IoT systems are composed by a variety of objects and services, a key aspect for engineering them is their architecture. The new paradigm called Internet of people (IoP) is not unaware of this need. In IoP, humans play an important role so that design considering aspects as context becomes critical for making the most of these applications. This work presents a context-aware, serverless, microservice-based, and cloud-centric framework for the Internet of things and people (IoT-P) applications that extends the three-layer classic IoT reference architecture. It integrates most of the aspects considered by the architecture of IoT solutions emerging from different perspectives, being also domain independent. This work focuses on the application paradigm of IoT neglected by most proposals. This framework, combined with a previous work, offers a higher separation of concerns (SoC) degree than other proposals, by splitting the application layer into different sublayers or subsystems based on their responsibilities and tracing atomic components to serverless microservices, to facilitate the design, development, and deployment of IoT-P applications. An IoT-P application in the healthcare domain is presented to illustrate how this framework can be put into practice.

Highlights

  • Internet of things (IoT), known as Internet of everything or cyber-physical systems [1], can be considered a new computing paradigm [2,3,4] that encompasses a great amount of technologies that promotes its vision [2] in a disruptive way [5]

  • We focused on the subsystems equivalent to the original application layer, that is, subsystems that belong to the proposed framework and application(s)-specific logic

  • There are lot of issues and challenges that limit the effectiveness and performance of the Internet of things and people (IoT-P), those related to the IoT reference architectures used that usually focus on sensors and network aspects, neglecting the application domain, information presentation aspects, and other relevant features of Internet of people (IoP)

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Summary

Introduction

Internet of things (IoT), known as Internet of everything or cyber-physical systems [1], can be considered a new computing paradigm [2,3,4] that encompasses a great amount of technologies that promotes its vision [2] in a disruptive way [5]. IoT can lead to a modern society where people and things are virtually integrated with information systems via wireless sensors [3]. It offers a great potential for improving the efficiency of a wide diversity of industrial processes, and the quality of human beings with application scenarios such as e-health or assisted living. A new paradigm, Internet of people (IoP) [6], emerges as an evolution of IoT and cyber-physical social systems (CPSSs), so that the social nature of the human beings is considered for the development of these systems. In this IoP proposal, a human being has a myriad of connection possibilities through the Internet by self-organizing networks of users as well as of physical devices through IoT

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