A Microscopic Transport Model for Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei

Abstract

Isospin dependent molecular dynamics model has been used successfully for studying isospin effects of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. However, there are problems with this model for studying nuclear fusion at low energies near Coulomb barrier, such as unphysical nucleon emissions in the process of projectile and target approaching, lack of shell effect, etc. We improve the isospin dependent molecular dynamics model from various aspects for studying the dynamical process for synthesis of superheavy nuclei at low energies. The shell correction energy of the system is calculated by using deformed two‐center shell model. The surface energy of the system is improved by introducing a switch function that combines the surface energies of projectile and target with the one of the compound nucleus. For reaction systems induced by of 16O and 40,48C at low energies near Coulomb barrier, it is found that the calculated fusion cross sections show a strong enhancement for the neutron‐rich combinations, which can regenerate the experimental data quantitatively. For heavy systems such as 48Ca+208Pb and 48Ca+238U, preliminary calculations show that the experimental capture cross sections can be reproduced quanlitively. This model could pave a way for realistic predication of cross sections for synthesis of superhavey nuclei for different projectile‐target systems at low energies near Coulomb barrier in future experiments.