Abstract
The clinical characteristics of excreted tumor cells can be found in the urine of bladder cancer patients, meaning the identification of tumor cells in urine can assist in bladder cancer diagnosis. The presence of white blood cells and epithelial cells in the urine interferes with the recognition of tumor cells. In this paper, a technique for detecting cancer cells in urine based on microfluidics provides a novel approach to bladder cancer diagnosis. The bladder cancer cell line (T24) and MeT-5A were used as positive bladder tumor cells and non-tumor cells, respectively. The practicality of the tumor cell detection system based on microfluidic cell chip detection technology is discussed. The tumor cell (T24) concentration was around 1 × 104 to 300 × 104 cells/mL. When phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was the diluted solution, the tumor cell detected rate was 63–71% and the detection of tumor cell number stability (coefficient of variation, CV%) was 6.7–4.1%, while when urine was the diluted solution, the tumor cell detected rate was 64–72% and the detection of tumor cell number stability (CV%) was 6.3–3.9%. In addition, both PBS and urine are tumor cell dilution fluid solutions. The sample was analyzed at a speed of 750 microns per hour. Based on the above experiments, a system for detecting bladder cancer cells in urine by microfluidic analysis chip technology was reported. The rate of recognizing bladder cancer cells reached 68.4%, and the speed reached 2 mL/h.
Highlights
Bladder cancer is a common cancer of the urinary system and the ninth most common malignant tumor in the world [1]
One of the reasons for the low sensitivity of urine cytology is the interference of background cells and other impurities [3]
The development of a detection system that automatically recognizes urine tumor cells will facilitate the examination of urinary tumors
Summary
Bladder cancer is a common cancer of the urinary system and the ninth most common malignant tumor in the world [1]. The urine sediment analyzer can be divided into two different systems according to its functional principle: one is a digital-image-based system, and the other is a flow-cytometry-based system. The use of evidence-based medicines for bladder cancer diagnosis relies on finding tumor cells from a patient’s organ tissues and urine [15]. The development of a detection system that automatically recognizes urine tumor cells will facilitate the examination of urinary tumors. The microfluidic device proposed here can be used to directly identify different cells using different morphological features under an optical microscope, similar to the automatic urine sediment analyzer. We previously reported a method used to detect hematological tumor cells and pleural effusion tumor mass cells based on microfluidics technology [16,17]. This study applied microfluidic chip technology to establish a system for detecting urinary tumor cells
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