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Abstract
A micro-thermal sensor for focal therapy applications
Highlights
Focal energy based therapies have a long history of use in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular and neural disease[1,2,3]
By application of alternating electric current to the heater line, thermal waves can be produced which penetrate to a depth (PD) that is inversely proportional to the square root of the electrical current frequency, ω (1/2)
The current article presents proof of principle data to show the ability of the sensor to give thermal conductivity for treatment planning and extends the sensor use for other measurements relevant for monitoring
Summary
Thermal conductivity measurement of thin cardiac tissue. Figure 2 shows the first k measurement of porcine pulmonary vein, phrenic nerve, and esophagus by 3ω sensors with typical dimensions of heater line length, L = 1.5 to 2.5 mm and width, b = 30 to 80 μ m. After placing a piece of pulmonary vein (1 mm thick) on top of the sensor at 64 s, it blocks the water flow and thereby increases the V3ω,op to the highest value of all cases These results demonstrate that we can sense tissue contact vs flow. This is followed by a region of stable voltage as the droplet is completely frozen from 120 s to 340 s (150 s to 550 s for mouse liver) This stable region has a lower V3ω,op value than the region corresponding to unfrozen water (Fig. 5a) or tissue (Fig. 5b). It is important to note that the theoretical prediction of change in V3ω,op is based only on change in ‘k’ and the model does not account for the effect of exothermic heat release during freezing
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