A Methodology for Wind Energy Evaluation in Complex Terrain Regions of Sarawak

Abstract

Wind power is the safest, cleanest resource and has emerged as the speediest growing renewable energy in terms of annual installed capacity. Before a wind-drive system is set up, thorough wind resource assessment (WRA) must be conducted. In this paper, a methodology based on ground-station and topographical neural network modeled data is proposed to study the wind energy potential, in the monitored location and areas not covered by directly measurement instrumentation at Kuching. A new topographical feed forward neural network (T-FFNN) back propagation trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), which consists of three layers was used to model the wind speed profile. The daily 10 m height, average hourly measured wind speed data for a period of ten years (2003-2012) for eight stations operated by Malaysia Meteorological Department (MMD) were used for the training, testing and validation. The geographical, meteorological and synthesized topographical parameters were used as input data, whereas the monthly wind speeds as the objective function. The optimum topology with maximum mean absolute percentage error of 6.4 % and correlation value of 0.9946 between the reference measured and predicted was obtained. The predicted monthly wind speed varied from 1.3-1.98 m/s with an average annual wind speed of 1.62 m/s. The characteristics of ground -based station was analyzed and presented. It was found in all the areas examined that the wind power falls within a low power density class (PD ≤ 100w/m2 ). Results from the micro-sizing showed an annual energy output (AEO) in the range of 4-12 MWh/year.