Abstract
The Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) are relevant to ensure vegetation around the drainage network. This paper presents an automated methodology for the extraction of drainage from the river and automated generation of PPA, and analysis of environmental adequacy. The methodology is based on geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques applied to RapidEye satellite images. The analyzed area covers a portion of the Paraíba do Sul river basin, located in the city of São José dos Campos (Southern Brazil). Land use and land cover were determined using a digital classifier and estimated within the APP of four rural properties bordering the river. The digital classification of the RapidEye images was evaluated based on the visual interpretation of high spatial resolution airborne orthophotos, as well as through random points that enabled the generation of the Kappa index and global accuracy, showing high agreement. The analysis shows the inadequate land use practice in some properties analyzed, indicating changes in the areas of PPA over the years analyzed. The results of this research show that the proposed methodology can be used for supervision purposes in properties declared in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), thus assisting in the decision-making process.
Highlights
The southeastern region of Brazil has always played an important role in the development of the country, since it has large urban centers and was the first Brazilian region to receive investments in the industrial sector, as well as an important proportion of the production of coffee and sugar cane in earlier times
Riparian forest is known as gallery forest, floodplain forest, or river forest, and it is considered by the Brazilian Forest Act (Brasil, 2012) as a Permanent Protection Area ( Permanent Protection Areas (PPA)), which specifies a particular region around water bodies that must be preserved with extension defined according to the width of the river, lake, dam or spring water
Automatic PPA tracking is done considering the rules of the current Brazilian Forest Act which considers a riverbed width throughout its course and defines PPAs of different sizes along the river
Summary
The southeastern region of Brazil has always played an important role in the development of the country, since it has large urban centers and was the first Brazilian region to receive investments in the industrial sector, as well as an important proportion of the production of coffee and sugar cane in earlier times. The awareness of the environmental problems caused by the reduction of vegetation around rivers, known as riparian forest, requires an understanding of what it is (Rodrigues and Leitão Filho, 2004) According to these authors, riparian forest is known as gallery forest, floodplain forest, or river forest, and it is considered by the Brazilian Forest Act (Brasil, 2012) as a Permanent Protection Area ( PPA), which specifies a particular region around water bodies that must be preserved with extension defined according to the width of the river, lake, dam or spring water. Riparian forest is known as gallery forest, floodplain forest, or river forest, and it is considered by the Brazilian Forest Act (Brasil, 2012) as a Permanent Protection Area ( PPA), which specifies a particular region around water bodies that must be preserved with extension defined according to the width of the river, lake, dam or spring water In this investigation we consider only rivers and water streams for the PPA determination. The new Brazilian Forest Code, approved in May 25th, 2012, clearly describes the importance of PPA around rivers for the appropriate management of water resources in a region, so that defining and evaluating changes in land use and land cover is considered fundamental to propose actions aimed at planning and restoring vegetation, whenever necessary
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