Abstract
Many university campuses are suffering from serious mobility problems resulting from excessive use of the private car by students, teachers and administrative staff. This article proposes a methodology based on a revealed and stated preferences survey aimed at estimating the importance of different variables on users mobility choices in order to simulate their reaction to policies such as the introduction of new modes of transport or charging for on campus parking. This estimation was based on a Mixed Logit model considering the possible presence of heterogeneity in user preferences. The introduction of these results into an optimization model has also allowed us to calculate the optimal parking fare that should be charged which would minimize the number of free spaces on campus or maximize the income received. This methodology has been applied to a case study at the campus of the University of Cantabria (Spain). The elasticities calculated using a Mixed Logit model confirm that setting a fare for parking on campus would be a serious disincentive against private car use in favor of more sustainable transport modes. Furthermore, the optimization model allowed us to calculate the fare that would maximize the income obtained from the parking spaces, an income that could then be used to strengthen the campus sustainable mobility policies.
Highlights
Given the high number of journeys drawn to university campuses due to their importance as centers of employment, teaching, research and dissemination, many suffer from problems related to mobility
Considering previous proposals, mainly based on surveys and discrete choice models, this methodology includes the following contributions: a careful identification of the relevant variables to be considered in the models through the use of qualitative techniques (Focus Groups), a calculation of the elasticities to determine the most appropriate policies to discourage the use of the car to access the campus and the application of an optimization model for the estimation of the optimal parking fare within the campus
This article has presented a methodology for implementing parking and mobility policies to promote sustainability in college campuses
Summary
Given the high number of journeys drawn to university campuses due to their importance as centers of employment, teaching, research and dissemination, many suffer from problems related to mobility. The proposed methodology will show the importance that different variables have for users when they choose a mode of transport to get to the university campus This methodology will allow us to model user behavior when faced with policies introduced to encourage more sustainable mobility, including charging for on campus parking. Considering previous proposals, mainly based on surveys and discrete choice models, this methodology includes the following contributions: a careful identification of the relevant variables to be considered in the models through the use of qualitative techniques (Focus Groups), a calculation of the elasticities to determine the most appropriate policies to discourage the use of the car to access the campus and the application of an optimization model for the estimation of the optimal parking fare within the campus. By holding the three FG we were able to cover better the variety of different campus user profiles, making it a practical recommendation to take before the quantitative collection of information about user mobility
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