Abstract
Characterization of soil corrosivity in archaeological sites is an important subject to understand the conservation conditions of archaeological bronze collections and helps conservators to prepare a conservation strategy for long term preservation of bronze objects. In this paper, a research approach is established to identify soil corrosivity in two archaeological sites and to find correlation between corrosion events and soil characterizations. Therefore, an analytical study was carried out to identify different factors of soil environment influencing corrosivity of the soil in two sites. Based on the results, measuring different factors such as chemical composition, pH, texture, soluble salts and water content and SOM displayed different soil environments in two archaeological sites. The results represent correlative relationship between corrosion mechanism and soil characteristics in these archaeological sites.
Highlights
Soil is a complex environment with various parameters, that influences archaeological materials in long term burial and causes to change appearance and the chemical nature of the buried objects
Haft Tappeh objects are made of impure copper and tin bronze alloy and are corroded heavily, as many of the objects are corroded completely and no metallic structure is retained after long term burial in the soil environment
The soil environment of two studied sites is completely different based on the corrosive factors and Haft Tappeh soil could be classified as severely corrosive while Sangtarashan soil is a partially corrosive burial environment
Summary
Soil is a complex environment with various parameters, that influences archaeological materials in long term burial and causes to change appearance and the chemical nature of the buried objects. Archaeological metals are placed in the soil for a long time period and it makes difficult or even impossible to follow up the corrosion processes during burial time. The conditions of the archaeological metals are the results of interaction between metal/alloy and soil that can be observed only after unearthing the objects. Soil environment may alter during the millennia that leads to change the soil conditions during burial time; the soil that is excavated today, may be different from the soil that objects are abandoned in it at the first time.
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