Abstract
The aim of this study was to propose a methodological approach to evaluate the impact of the organic, biodynamic, and conventional production processes on the intrinsic and perceived quality of a typical wine. For this purpose, fourteen commercial Chianti DOCG wines from the 2016 harvest were selected based on the type of production management. A survey was set up to get winemaking information from the estate’s producer of the wines to estimate the carbon dioxide production under the three types of management. The eligibility, identity, and style properties (the intrinsic quality) of the wines were defined. A group of 45 experts evaluated the differences between wines by the Napping test and rated their typicality (perceived quality). The organic and biodynamic management showed a lower level of estimated values of carbon dioxide production. The overall statistical elaboration of the chemical and sensory data highlighted that the registered differences of the intrinsic, perceived quality, and typicality level of the respective wines, did not depend on the type of management. The comparison of the three kinds of wine by SIMCA modeling, put in evidence that the conventional ones showed a greater homogeneity regarding chemical composition, sensory characteristics, and typicality.
Highlights
In recent years, in all agri-food sectors, consumers have shown they are increasingly sensitive to environmental issues, directing their portfolios [1,2,3]
Fourteen commercial Chianti DOCG, Sangiovese-based wine, of three different estate management types, from the 2016 harvest were selected among wineries located in a limited Chianti area (Table 1) to collect wines produced in similar environmental conditions
Except for E_OR, F_OR and G_OR, were Sangiovese-based plus a percentage of a blend of different red grape varieties
Summary
In all agri-food sectors, consumers have shown they are increasingly sensitive to environmental issues, directing their portfolios [1,2,3]. On the producer’s side, there has been a change from conventional practices of vineyard management and winemaking to more environmentally friendly techniques such as organic and biodynamic farming [4]. These two farming management types are closely connected; organic agriculture is regulated at the European level with a series of rules (EU Council Regulation EC No 834/2007 and EC No 203/2012); biodynamic, in contrast, considers organic management a prerequisite and applies voluntary regulation in keeping with the belief that a farm should be considered as a living organism.
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