A methodical investigation on stilbazolium derivative substituted with 2,4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde as a donor: An effective crystal for optical device fabrication

Abstract

For a couple of decades, nonlinear optics (NLO) has garnered significant attention due to its widespread application in optical systems. In this viewpoint, a new 2-[2(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)vinyl]methyl-1-pyridinium iodide (DCPI) crystal was grown through slow evaporation process for NLO application. Single Crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) study reveals that the DCPI crystallized centrosymmetric (P-1) space group. The CHN elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy assess the purity of the material. The vinyl (CC) group formation in DCPI was asserted by the Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The Hirshfeld surface analysis confirms the presence of hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure through its contribution percentage (27 %) to the overall intermolecular interaction. DCPI crystal exhibits 80 % transparency in the visible region. Luminescence studies assess the green light-emitting characteristics of the DCPI crystal. The etching and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies confirm that the DCPI crystal has a flat surface with minimum dislocations. Z-scan studies found the third-order nonlinear characteristics of the crystal. Overall, the article illustrates the appropriateness of DCPI crystal in fabricating optical devices through its significant optical characteristics.