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Abstract
This report provides a broadly applicable and cost-effective method for the purification of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) from cyanobacteria. As MAAs are known to have multiple bioactivities for health and beauty, a universal isolation method of MAAs from biomass is attractive. In particular, the biomass of photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria is of interest as a natural source of useful compound production, because of their photoautotrophic property. The method presented here is applicable for the isolation of mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G), which is a rare MAA produced in a halotolerant cyanobacterium. This method also allowed for the isolation of two of the most common MAAs, shinorine (SHI) and porphyra-334 (P334). A three-step separation process using low pressure liquid chromatography yielded purified MAAs, which were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses. The purified MAAs exhibited free radical scavenging activity in the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The experimental parameters obtained in this report may allow for a scale-up of the MAA purification process for future industrial applications.
Highlights
Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative prokaryotic microorganisms that can convert solar energy and CO2 into chemicals by photosynthesis
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are water-soluble low molecular weight (
Mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G), which was isolated from the halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica, exhibited free radical scavenging activity [4], protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death [4], osmoprotectant activity [5], the inhibition of collagenase activity [6,7], and the inhibition of protein glycation [7]
Summary
Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative prokaryotic microorganisms that can convert solar energy and CO2 into chemicals by photosynthesis. Helioguard®365 is available in the global market [3] In addition to their UV-absorbing property, it has been reported that MAAs possess additional biological functions. There have been many reports describing the MAA purification methods from cyanobacteria based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems [2,9,10,11]. An nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that our method generated highly pure fractions of MAAs. In addition, the purified MAAs exhibited free radical scavenging activity demonstrated via the 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The purified MAAs exhibited free radical scavenging activity demonstrated via the 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay Taking into account these observations, our purification method is applicable for the isolation of various MAAs produced in cyanobacteria
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