A method for studying nasal air flow by means of fluid dynamics experiments

Abstract

We present a simple but effective and exemplary method for investigating the basics and principles of complex nasal air flow patterns. Fluid dynamics experiments are one informative way for studying physiology and pathophysiology of nasal breathing. For in-vivo investigations sufficient visualisation of nasal air flow appears to be impossible. Experiments need to be done on transparent models with a suitable streaming medium and good visualisation of stream lines. We present an experimental arrangement for studying nasal air flow pattems with anatomically correct nasal models which were obtained by taking casts from nasal cavities of corpses and patients as well as in functional models. Water proved to be an appropriate streaming medium. Controlled flow through the model was produced through a suction pump connected to the nasopharyngeal side of the nasal model. Visualisation of streamlines and flow patterns was obtained using dyes or small bubbles as markers. Physiological inflow and outflow requirements were simulated by placing the model into a huge reservoir of water. Results from experiments with these models can – with some limitations – lead to conclusions for air flow behaviour in the human nose.