Abstract

Three perpendicular bipolar axes which constitute a spatial reference system have been described. The electrodes comprising the reference system are remote or equidistant. The angle subtended to the force measured in each instance was as great as the body would accommodate and not violate the distance necessary for remoteness. This reference system was compared in one hundred instances with the rectangular cube method used by Grishman and others. The chief difference in the two reference systems was found in the measurement of the anterior-posterior electromotive force. In each instance, using our modification, the anterior-posterior component was greater. We believe this change is due to the difference in the angle subtended by electrodes comprising this bipolar lead in the two systems. It is recognized that the electrode placement of this system, as with other spatial reference systems, may not always be considered remote. However, this factor is not inherently greater in the suggested reference system than other currently employed methods. Therefore, we suggest that the method described here may more closely reflect the true potential manifested in the heart.

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