Abstract
Synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are the primary sensors used to deploy Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. PMUs stream out synchrophasor measurements through the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, thus eliminating the requirement of an intermediate phasor data concentrator, data mediator and/or protocol parser and thereby ensuring minimum communication latency without considering communication link delays. This method allows utilizing synchrophasor measurements internally in a PMU to deploy custom protection and control algorithms. These algorithms are deployed using protection logic equations which are supported by all the PMU vendors. Moreover, this method reduces overall equipment cost as the algorithms execute internally in a PMU and therefore does not require any additional controller for their deployment. The proposed method can be utilized for fast prototyping of wide-area measurements based protection and control applications. The proposed method is tested by coupling commercial PMUs as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) with Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator (RTS). As illustrative example, anti-islanding protection application is deployed using proposed method and its performance is assessed. The essential points in the method are:•Bypassing intermediate phasor data concentrator or protocol parsers as the synchrophasors are communicated directly between the PMUs (minimizes communication delays).•Wide Area Protection and Control Algorithm is deployed using logic equations in the client PMU, therefore eliminating the requirement for an external hardware controller (cost curtailment)•Effortless means to exploit PMU measurements in an environment familiar to protection engineers.
Highlights
For the specific case of synchrophasor-based Wide Area Protection and Control (WAP&C) applications, synchrophasors from two Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) may be sufficient to perform protection and control actions [1,2]. This method proposes the use of direct communication between two PMUs to deploy WAP&C applications. This eliminates the requirement of an intermediate Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and protocol parser, avoiding the non-deterministic delays incurred by these processes
To perform Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) simulations, a power system consisting of a single generator with its local load and connected to external grid through a transmission line was modelled in MATLAB/Simulink using SimPowerSytems Library and compiled for execution in the RT target
Step 4: Important outputs, such as alarms and PMU status provided by the algorithm, are mapped to the physical outputs, front panel LEDs, Human-Machine Interface (HMI) and GOOSE messages of the PMU-B
Summary
A method exploiting direct communication between phasor measurement units for power system wide-area protection and control algorithms. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, eliminating the requirement of an intermediate phasor data concentrator, data mediator and/or protocol parser and thereby ensuring minimum communication latency without considering communication link delays. This method allows utilizing synchrophasor measurements internally in a PMU to deploy custom protection and control algorithms. ARTICLE INFO Method name: Adapting direct relay-to-relay communication for Phasor Measurement Units Keywords: IEEE C37.118, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC), Smart grid, Synchrophasors, Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) Article history: Received 22 October 2016; Accepted 4 October 2017; Available online 14 October 2017
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