A Meta Analysis of Advancements in Prevention and Therapy of Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

This meta‐analysis study was focused on estimating the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the USA and Ethiopia to show the relevance of global awareness toward chronic kidney disease, advanced treatment practices, and its eradication in these two Nations. Kidney disease has become a global burden, especially CKD, according to CDC 2019 data. CKD is most common in adults. Evidence shows nine in ten adults with chronic kidney disease do not know if they have the disease or not. The estimated ratio shows from the CDC data indicate that 15% of US adults have CKD. Studies indicate that Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease more than other factors or diseases. The accepted common treatments for CKD are medication, dialysis, and transplant. The other modality of treatment now emerging is stem cell therapy, which has been proposed to improve the quality of patent life, replace dialysis, and decrease the frustration behind the transplant donor waiting list. In the present study, an extensive search was done with the use of MedLine, EmBase, PubMed, BIOMED Central, CDC Database, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify applicable published studies. Search items included CKD prevalence, diabetic and hypertensive causes of CKD, and other common causes of decreased renal function, advancements in CKD treatment, stem cell therapy, clinical trials, diagnostic criterion to diagnose CKD, including possible blood and urine tests, chronic kidney failure, and Renal insufficiency, including pool risk estimates, fixed and random effects models where applicable. The participants were chosen with inclusive criteria using meta‐analysis. The study group was focused on the participants with both diabetic and hypertensive contributors. The results show there is a high prevalence of CKD among diabetes, and the rates for hypertensive patients were consistently high regardless of the country and/or their socio‐economic status. CKD was significantly associated with older age; prevention of Diabetes mellitus and hypertension is mandatory in programs to reduce or eliminate the prevalence of CKD. While stem cell therapy shows promise to decrease the incidence of kidney transplant rate or as a replacement for dialysis, it has not yet become the universally accepted treatment of choice.Support or Funding InformationSupport from University of Science Arts & Technology, Montserrat and the Einstein Medical Institute USA