Abstract
The grain bulk moduli of several different types of sand from various locations were measured. The method involves compressing a known volume of sand, held in an aluminum bowl, to about 13.78 MPa (2000 psi), using castor oil as the liquid medium, and measuring the volume of released liquid as a function of pressure. The apparatus consists of a pressure chamber, pressure sensor, release valve, and a graduated tube to measure the volume of released fluid. Pressure is decreased and the escaping volume of castor oil is measured, in about constant intervals of 0.344 MPa (50 psi). The change in pressure with respect to released volume and the measured volume of the sand sample are used to determine the grain bulk modulus. Sand samples from various locations have been analyzed. Previous models of acoustic propagation in sandy ocean sediments used an assumption that the grain bulk modulus of sand grains was equal to that of quartz. These results show that sand is significantly more compressible. [Work supported by Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories.]
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