A Measurement of Circumgalactic Gas around Nearby Galaxies Using Fast Radio Bursts

Abstract

The distribution of gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies of all types is poorly constrained. Foreground CGMs contribute an extra amount to the dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs). We measure this DM excess for the CGMs of 1011–1013 M ⊙ halos using the CHIME/FRB first data release, a halo mass range that is challenging to probe in any other way. Because of the uncertainty in the FRBs’ angular coordinates, only for nearby galaxies is the localization sufficient to confidently associate them with intersecting any foreground halo. Thus we stack on galaxies within 80 Mpc, optimizing the stacking scheme to approximately minimize the stack’s variance and marginalize over uncertainties in FRB locations. The sample has 20–30 FRBs intersecting halos with masses of 1011–1012 M ⊙ and also of 1012–1013 M ⊙, and these intersections allow a marginal 1σ–2σ detection of the DM excess in both mass bins. The bin of 1011–1012 M ⊙ halos also shows a DM excess at 1–2 virial radii. By comparing data with different models for the CGM gas profile, we find that all models are favored by the data up to 2σ level compared to the null hypothesis of no DM excess. With 3000 more bursts from a future CHIME data release, we project a 4σ detection of the CGM. Distinguishing between viable CGM models by stacking FRBs with CHIME-like localization would require tens of thousands of bursts.