A Mean Quantization Watermarking Scheme for Audio Signals Using Singular-Value Decomposition

K Vivekananda Bhat,Jong-Hyouk Lee,Ashok Kumar Das

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949691

K Vivekananda Bhat, Jong-Hyouk Lee + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949691

Copy DOI

Abstract

Recently, research in audio watermarking technology makes it a promising tool for copyright protection of digital audio files in networked environments. In this paper, we propose a new mean quantization based watermarking mechanism for audio based on the technique due to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). In this method, the host signal is divided into a number of two-dimensional matrix frames. The SVD is then employed to every frame, and also the Euclidean norm of the Singular Values (SVs) are calculated for every frame. The watermark is then hidden into an audio signal by quantization of the norm of the SVs. The watermark is extracted blindly using the inverse process. Both the subjective and objective tests demonstrate good imperceptibility of the watermark in the audio file. Furthermore, the experimental results show good robustness of the proposed scheme against various common audio attacks and Stirmark benchmark attacks. The false-negative error of the method is very near to zero against Stirmark and audio attacks. The proposed scheme has a high payload, and its performance is superior compared to other related watermarking methods for audio signals. Finally, the proposed method achieves better trade-offs between conflicting requirements of imperceptibility, payload, and robustness.

Highlights

In the past two decades, there is a tremendous increase in the utilization of digital audio media over the World Wide Web
MOTIVATION From the above classification of audio watermarking methods in Section I-A, we summarize that the robustness of audio watermarking algorithm against audio and Stirmark attacks is very much dependent on the watermark payload, and a higher payload results in lower robustness
2) Audio is partitioned into a number of blocks with each block having a length of 1024 samples

Summary

INTRODUCTION

In the past two decades, there is a tremendous increase in the utilization of digital audio media over the World Wide Web. The watermark is hidden into the ‘‘low pass coefficients of DT-CWT using DC-DM method’’ Their experimental results demonstrate the superior performance against different audio attacks while it is compared with other algorithms. The simulation results show the robustness of their method against different audio processing as well as Stirmark attacks In their method, the embedding capacity is achieved at 170.67 bps. The perceptual analysis technique is used during watermark embedding and extraction stage This method achieves superior performance against various audio attacks as compared to other techniques. The experimental analysis shows better robustness of their method against various audio and Stirmark attacks as compared to other techniques. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the method against common audio attacks and the embedding rate is 84 bps This method performs better compared to the existing methods. The detailed steps in watermark hiding and extraction algorithms are elaborated in the following subsections

WATERMARK HIDING METHOD

WATERMARK EXTRACTION METHOD This method consists of the following steps

DISCUSSIONS ON EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOMES

PAYLOAD

CONCLUDING REMARKS