Abstract
The large-scale penetration of intermittent Renewable Energy (RE) sources such as wind and solar power generation may cause a problem of frequency aberration of interconnected Hybrid Power System (HPS). This occurs when the load frequency control of interconnected system is unable to compensate the power balance between generation and load demand. Also owing to the enhancement of future transport, the Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) plays a significant role to customer at demand side. Thus, the PEV can act as a power control to compensate the power balance in Renewable Energy integrated power system. This paper presents a physics inspired Atom Search Optimization (ASO) algorithm for tuning the parameters of Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller for Automatic Load Frequency control of HPS. In this proposed work, an attempt has been made to analyze the frequency stability of HPS using Matignon's theorem. The interconnected HPS consists of reheat thermal power system, RE sources such as wind and solar thermal power generation associated with energy storage devices namely aqua electrolyzer, fuel cell and electric vehicle. The gain and fractional terms of the controller were obtained by minimizing the Integral Time Absolute Error of interconnected system. The robustness of ASO-tuned FOPID controller is tested on two-area HPS that was modelled using MATLAB/Simulink. The results obtained were then compared with other fractional order and classical integer order controllers. From the simulation results, it is inferred that the proposed ASO-tuned FOPID controller gives superior transient and steady-state response compared with other controllers. Moreover, the self-adaptiveness and robustness of the controller was validated to account for the change in RE power generations and system parameters. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method is proved by comparing its performance with the recent literature works. The real-time applicability of proffered controller is validated in hardware-in-the-loop simulation using Real Time Digital Simulator.
Highlights
In recent years, the size and complexity of electric power network have been tremendously increased due to integrationThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Abdullah Iliyasu .of large number of Renewable Energy (RE) sources: solar, wind, fuel cell (FC) and aqua electrolyzer (AE) etc. into the grid to meet the power demand of the system
POWER SYSTEM MODEL The multi-area Hybrid Power System (HPS) model shown in Figure 1 consists of reheat thermal system with associated system nonlinearities such as Governor Dead Band (GDB) and Governor Rate Constraint (GRC), RE sources such as Wind Turbine Power Generation (WTPG), Solar Thermal Power Generation (STPG), AE, FC and Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV)
The dynamic behaviour of the interconnected HPS is tested for random variation in RE sources and load demand to prove the effectiveness and superiority of proposed Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller
Summary
The size and complexity of electric power network have been tremendously increased due to integration. Graph (SFG) approach and analyze its stability through Matignon’s theorem; (b) To optimize the gain values of IO and FO controllers for HPS model considered using ASO algorithm and test the robustness of best optimal controller for stochastic variation in RE power generation and load demand; and (c) The result (response of frequency and tie-line power variation) reveals that the performance of FOPID controller is impressively enhanced in terms of settling time, as well as peak overshoots and undershoots by an amount of 8% to 73 %, 5% to 87%, and 1% to 79%, respectively than those of FO and IO controllers for all cases. The outcomes of this research are provided in Conclusion Section
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