Abstract
The new machine-and-tractor aggregate of a modular type, developed by us, consisting of the power and the technological modules, can significantly increase the efficiency of using the tractor when it is aggregated with a five-body plough. The new design solution for connecting these modules in a horizontal plane through a damper, consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and a throttle, allows significant increasing of the movement stability of this aggregate in a transverse-horizontal plane. To test the efficient operation of the proposed design, as well as to determine the kinematic and design parameters that provide the required level of stable movement of this modular machine-and-tractor aggregate, we carried out theoretical and experimental field investigations. For this, a new mathematical model of plane-parallel movement of the machine-and-tractor aggregate of this type was built. It was found that a change in the operating speed of this aggregate during ploughing from 1.0 to 3.0 m∙s−1 does not lead to a deterioration in the stability of the movement of either the technological or, especially, the power modules. The delay in the reaction of the power module of the machine-and-tractor aggregate of the modular type is practically invariant with respect to the change in the mode of movement of this aggregate within the range 1–3 m∙s−1. It was also found that the values of the tire slip resistance coefficients of the wheels of the power module do not have a noticeable impact upon the development of fluctuations of the disturbing moment.
Highlights
The developed agricultural tractors that are widely used in the world, having track and wheel modifications, need constant improvement because of the increased speed of their movement during the performance of a particular technological process, the increased width of the aggregate, rational energy saturation, a decreased soil compaction, etc.At present, there are two main ways how to increase the efficiency of the agricultural machine-and-tractor aggregates: Increasing the working width of the technological part of the aggregate; Increasing the working speed of the aggregate.Agriculture 2020, 10, 454; doi:10.3390/agriculture10100454 www.mdpi.com/journal/agricultureIt should be noted that both of these ways raise their requirements for the tractor designs
We proposed the use of a throttle and a hydraulic cylinder movement of the modular machine-and-tractor aggregates
To measure the turning angle β of the technological module in a horizontal plane, we used an SP-3A sensor with a linear characteristic and a nominal value of 470 Ω. This sensor was installed on the axis of a vertical pivot connecting the power and the technological modules of the modular machine-and-tractor aggregate (Figure 2, position 3)
Summary
The developed agricultural tractors that are widely used in the world, having track and wheel modifications, need constant improvement because of the increased speed of their movement during the performance of a particular technological process, the increased width of the aggregate, rational energy saturation, a decreased soil compaction, etc. Part of the time of the year the technological module may not be used but the losses from its downtime is about 5–7 times less than similar losses from the downtime of an idle tractor In this case, the formation of the machine-and-tractor aggregates in which an increase in the engine power of an aggregating tractor without increasing its mass requires the solution of some of its specific issues, the main of which being the question associated with the fact that the more engine power is used, the more problematic its implementation through the tractive effort of the tractor. The transmission of to torque the drive wheels the technological technological the hydraulicusing cylinder
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