Abstract

We have used model scaling so that the propagation of light through space could be studied using the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We have developed a set of numerical procedures to obtain a stable propagating wave so that it could be used to find out how wavelength could increase with distance travelled. We have found that broadening of wavelength, expressed as redshift, is proportional to distance, a fact that is in agreement with many physical observations by astronomers. There are other reasons for redshifts that could be additional to the transmission redshift, resulting in the deviation from the linear relationship as often observed. Our model shows that redshift needs not be the result of an expanding space that is a long standing view held by many astrophysicists. Any theory about the universe, if bases on an expanding space as physical fact, is open to question.

Highlights

  • Shift of spectral lines in the light spectrum from distance stars has been extensively observed and measured by researchers over many centuries

  • We have developed a set of numerical procedures to obtain a stable propagating wave so that it could be used to find out how wavelength could increase with distance travelled

  • We have shown that by using model scaling light propagating through space could be studied by using the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE)

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Summary

Introduction

Shift of spectral lines in the light spectrum from distance stars has been extensively observed and measured by researchers over many centuries. The current most acceptable model is based on Hubble’s law which was started from observations of the linear relationship between the velocity and distance of stars. There are qualitative arguments presented on how the loss could have taken place, there is no concrete evidence from laws of physics that such an exponential relationship should exist This theory is closer to just being an empirical correlation between the observed redshifts and distance. We are interested to study the fact that electromagnetic waves are known to increase in their pulse widths when propagating through a medium with anomalous dispersion (that is with a positive dispersion coefficient) [2] We believe that this is the physical explanation of the universal observation of redshifts (or blue-shift if the coefficient is negative).

The Numerical Solution Method
Numerical Investigation
Calibration
Further Applications of SPW and Discussions
Conclusions
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