Abstract
Background: Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is the most common renal tumor in children under the age of 6 months, comprising 3–10% of all kidney tumors in children. It is a rare and mostly benign tumor. It divides into cellular, classic, and mixed subtypes. It is typically detected in the third trimester of pregnancy using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The best treatment is surgically by completely removing the tumor. Case presentation: We reported a case of a one-day-old female who was born at 31 weeks gestation weighing 1670 g. Preterm labor was due to polyhydramnios, which was diagnosed predelivery. A large mass was detected in the left hypochondrium using computerized tomography, total nephrectomy was performed, and the histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Clinical discussion and conclusion: Early polyhydramnios could be the most significant sign of renal tumors in infants, especially congenital mesoblastic nephroma.
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