Abstract
We extend the classic Poisson model of hockey based on score differential and time remaining in the game to include the effect of penalties, and derive the associated Markov win probability model given the goal/manpower differential state at any point in a hockey game. Given data from the 2008/9–2011/12 National Hockey League seasons (a total of 4,920 games) reporting second-by-second goal and manpower differentials (which results in roughly 17.7 million observations), we estimate the state dependent transition rates and win probabilities. The data reveal that even after controlling for the home edge afforded by visiting teams being penalized more frequently than home teams, the goal scoring rate for the home team is higher than for visiting teams at most equivalent manpower differential levels. We use the model to develop a new win probability added metric for evaluating individual players based on their incremental contribution to the probability of winning and illustrate its use and conservation properties.
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