A Mapping Approach for Efficient CFD Simulation of Low-Speed Large-Bore Marine Engine with Pre-Chamber and Dual-Fuel Operation

Ying Ye,Hu Wang,Haifeng Liu,Mingfa Yao,Chaohui Wu,Zongyu Yue

doi:10.3390/en14196126

Ying Ye, Hu Wang + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196126

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Abstract

A natural-gas-diesel dual-fuel marine engine with a pre-chamber is a promising solution for ocean transportation to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) emission regulations. This engine system employs a pre-chamber with direct injection of diesel to ignite premixed natural gas due to its higher ignition energy, which can enable lower lean limit and higher thermal efficiency. The dual-fuel pre-chamber marine engine presents complex multi-regime combustion characteristics in- and outside the pre-chamber, thus posing challenges in its numerical simulation in a cost-effective manner. Therefore, this paper presents a three-dimensional modeling study for the multi-regime combustion in a large-bore two-stroke marine dual-fuel engine, proposing a novel mapping approach, which couples the well-stirred reactor (WSR) model with the G-equation model to achieve high computational accuracy and efficiency simultaneously. In-depth analysis is performed using representative exothermic reaction (RXR) analysis and premixed turbulent combustion fundamentals to better understand the combustion process and to provide guidance in the selection of mapping timing. The results show that the use of mapping to switch from the WSR to the G-equation model can effectively reduce the runtime significantly by 71.5%, meanwhile maintaining similar accuracies in predictions of in-cylinder pressure traces, HRR and NOx emissions, compared to using WSR all along. Additionally, the choice of mapping timing based on several parameters is preliminarily discussed.

Highlights

In recent decades, the emission regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are becoming drastically stricter [1,2], posing challenges for marine engines to work in a more environmentally friendly manner and more efficiently
The model accuracy and grid sensitivity are evaluated by comparing the simulation results to the experimental data
It is obvious that the well-stirred reactor (WSR) model is more sensitive to the grid size, wherein simulation results using a finer computational grid match the experimental data better compared to the coarser

Summary

Introduction

The emission regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are becoming drastically stricter [1,2], posing challenges for marine engines to work in a more environmentally friendly manner and more efficiently. Reduction in IMO Tier I standard [3], and the global fuel sulfur limit of 0.5% came into force in 2020. The maritime sector is in urgent need of clean fuels with a low carbon footprint alternative to the heavy oil fuel (HOF) currently used in marine engines. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been a promising solution, since it provides great potentials for the reduction in NOx emissions and has near-zero sulfur content [5,6,7]. The H/C mass ratio of NG is much higher compared to conventional fossil fuels, leading to an approximately 20–25% reduction in CO2 emissions during combustion compared to HOF [8]

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