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Abstract
The clinical picture of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia can be very similar to a manic episode. Paying a careful attention to memory and attention problems and assessing the cognitive status of a patient with mania-like symptoms and no previous psychiatric history should be a standard procedure in order to distinguish mania from behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Sometimes, imaging techniques are revealing important aspects that are essential for a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. Here, we present a case of frontotemporal dementia with early onset that had a manic like clinical presentation. Also, we shortly discuss the available pharmacological approaches and outline the importance of thorough differential diagnosis.
Highlights
Mania is an emotional state where an elevated, expansive, or unusually irritable mood exists
The aim of this paper is to present a case of behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia that has a similar clinical presentation to a manic episode
Behavioural symptoms in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by disinhibition that produces impulsive actions and a socially embarrassing behaviour, changes in eating behaviour, hoarding, repetitive or stereotypic behaviour, blunting of affect, mental rigidity, loss of empathy, apathy (Piguet & Hodges, 2013)
Summary
Mania is an emotional state where an elevated, expansive, or unusually irritable mood exists. FTD is caused by progressive nerve cell loss in the brain’s frontal lobes or temporal lobes due to hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that affect axonal transport and microtubule formation All these histopathological changes determine neuronal apoptosis. Symptoms of FTD, alongside memory and language problems, problems with mental abilities, can include dramatic personality and behaviour changes like: acting inappropriately or impulsively, losing inhibitions (making rude comments about someone appereance, stealing, making sexual gestures in public), overeacting, neglecting personal hygiene, increased interest in sex. These signs are often the first noticeable, diagnosing this type of dementia can be a challenge. We provide a short overview of the current available treatments for bvFTD
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