Abstract
Cleistogamous and chasmogamous are two opposing phenomena for flowering in barley. Cleistogamy limits the rate of outcrossing, and increases the cost of producing hybrid barley seeds. Selecting chasmogamous lines with a large glume opening angle (GOA) is essential for the utilization of barley heterosis. In the current study, 247 DH lines derived from a cross between Yangnongpi7 and Yang0187 were used to identify and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the GOA in different environments using SSR markers. Three QTLs associated with barley GOA were mapped on chromosomes 2H and 7H. The major QTL QGOA-2H-2 was mapped on chromosome 2H with the flanking markers of KDH and GBM1498, explaining 63.92% of the phenotypic variation. The marker KDH was developed from the gene Cly1, which was the candidate gene for QGOA-2H-2. This new marker can be used to identify barley chasmogamous lines with a large GOA. The two minor QTLs were validated at all three locations across two seasons after removing DH lines carrying the candidate gene Cly1 of QGOA-2H-2.
Highlights
For self-pollinating crops like barley and wheat, their cleistogamous flowers remain mechanically sealed throughout the entire flowering period
Most chasmogamous flowers are cross-pollinated by biotic or abiotic agents with the rate of outcrossing determined by several floral traits including stigma and anther size, anther extrusion, aspect of flag leaf, glume opening angle (GOA), and flower opening duration (Taillebois and Guimaraes, 1986)
Research should be conducted to understand the genetic mechanism of barley GOA, which could provide important information for breeding of chasmogamous lines with a large GOA
Summary
For self-pollinating crops like barley and wheat, their cleistogamous flowers remain mechanically sealed throughout the entire flowering period. Most chasmogamous flowers are cross-pollinated by biotic (e.g., insects) or abiotic (e.g., wind) agents with the rate of outcrossing determined by several floral traits including stigma and anther size, anther extrusion, aspect of flag leaf, glume opening angle (GOA), and flower opening duration (Taillebois and Guimaraes, 1986). Among these traits, GOA is the most important factor affecting the extent of outcrossing (Mahalingam et al, 2013). Research should be conducted to understand the genetic mechanism of barley GOA, which could provide important information for breeding of chasmogamous lines with a large GOA
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