A maiden robust FPIDD2 regulator for frequency-voltage enhancement in a hybrid interconnected power system using Gradient-Based Optimizer

Abstract

This paper proposes a maiden intelligent controller design that consists of a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative-double derivative (FPIDD) controller whose parameters are fine-tuned using the Gradient-Based Optimization algorithm (GBO). The proposed FPIDD2 regulator is employed as a secondary regulator for stabilizing the combined voltage and frequency loops in a two-area interconnected power system. The proposed FPIDD2 controller is tested in a two-area hybrid system, with each area comprising a mix of traditional (thermal, gas, and hydraulic power plants) and renewable generation units (wind and solar power). Additionally, the proposed controller takes into account system nonlinearities (such as generation rate limitations and governor deadband), system uncertainties, and load/renewables changes. The dynamic responses of the system demonstrate that FPIDD2 has superior ability to attenuate the deviations in voltage and frequency in both areas of the system. In the investigated hybrid system, the suggested FPIDD2 is compared to a GBO-tuned integral derivative tilted (ID-T) controller and FPID controller. As a fitness function for the GBO, the criteria of minimizing the integral time absolute error (ITAE) are applied. The results are presented in the form of MATLAB/SIMULINK time-domain simulations. The simulation outcomes prove that the presented controller has an outstanding performance compared with the other control strategies in the dynamic response of the system in terms of rising and settling times, maximum overshoot, undershoot values and ITAE. The ITAE value of the FPIDD2 regulator tuned by the GBO technique was enhanced by 90.9% with the GBO-based ID-T and 55.4% with GBO-based FPID controllers.