Abstract
The increasing volume of vehicles on the road has had a significant impact on traffic flow. Congestion in urban areas is now a major concern. To mitigate congestion, an accurate model is required which is based on realistic traffic dynamics. A new traffic model is proposed based on the conservation law of vehicles which considers traffic dynamics at transitions. Traffic alignment to forward conditions is affected by the time and distance between vehicles. Thus, the well-known Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) model is modified to account for traffic behavior during alignment. A model for inhomogeneous traffic flow during transitions is proposed which can be used to characterize traffic evolution. The performance of the proposed model is compared with the LWR model using the Greenshields and Underwood target velocity distributions. These models are evaluated using the Godunov technique and numerical stability is guaranteed by considering the Courant, Friedrich, and Lewy (CFL) condition. The results obtained show that the proposed model characterizes the flow more realistically, and thus can provide better insight into traffic behavior for use in controlling congestion and pollution levels, and improving public safety. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091710 Full Text: PDF
Highlights
The economic growth of a country is affected by the road infrastructure
This paper considers the time and distance between vehicles for alignment to forward conditions
The reaction distance is covered during the reaction time, whereas the transition distance is covered during the transition time
Summary
The economic growth of a country is affected by the road infrastructure. Congestion wastes significant time and degrades this growth. The equilibrium velocity distribution corresponds to a homogeneous traffic flow with no transitions This distribution depends on the vehicle density as well as driver behavior and road conditions [2]. Del Castillo et al (1994) improved the PW model by considering driver presumption and reaction time for small transitions in velocity and density [2]. To smooth variations in the traffic flow, the LWR model employs diffusion (viscosity) terms based on the velocity and density which are. The traffic density distribution differs according to the safe distance and has a larger variance when this distance is smaller The change in this distribution during a transition depends on the velocity changes required to achieve a homogeneous flow and maintain the safe distance.
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