Abstract
The brown core is an internal disorder that significantly affects the palatability and economic value of Chinese pears. In this study, a framework that includes a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) (BP-ELMNN) was proposed for the detection of brown core in the Chinese pear variety Huangguan. The odor data of pear were collected using a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) electronic nose (E-nose). Principal component analysis was used to analyze the complexity of the odor emitted by pears with brown cores. The performances of several machine learning algorithms, i.e., radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), BPNN, and ELM, were compared with that of the BP-ELMNN. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework provided the best results for the test samples, with an accuracy of 0.9683, a macro-precision of 0.9688, a macro-recall of 0.9683, and a macro-F1 score of 0.9685. The results demonstrate that the use of machine learning algorithms for the analysis of E-nose data is a feasible and non-destructive method to detect brown core in pears.
Highlights
Pears are the second most consumed pome fruit worldwide [1], with consumption by the adult population ranging from 23 to 108 g/day [2]
The Chinese pear variety Huangguan (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), which is a hybrid between Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. and Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai [5], is widely planted in northern China [6]
It is difficult to detect browning in pears based on their appearance, and destructive methods are required because browning of pears usually spreads from the core to the flesh [12]
Summary
Pears are the second most consumed pome fruit worldwide [1], with consumption by the adult population ranging from 23 to 108 g/day [2]. As an ancient fruit in temperate regions [4], there are many groups of pears, such as the white pear F.) Nakai), and Ussurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.). The Chinese pear variety Huangguan (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), which is a hybrid between Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. It is difficult to detect browning in pears based on their appearance, and destructive methods are required because browning of pears usually spreads from the core to the flesh [12].
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