A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16\times 16$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Pixel Post-Processing Free Quantum Random Number Generator Based on SPADs

Abstract

In this brief, we present a ${16 \times 16}$ -pixel quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes, implemented in CMOS 150-nm technology. Each pixel consists of two detectors, featuring ${17.2}\,\,{\mu }\text{m}\,\,{\times 7.7}\,\,{\mu }\text{m}$ size, and an arbiter, based on a phase comparator, enhancing the working range of the generator. The QRNG has achieved a random bit efficiency of 90% at a given observation window of 200 ns. The maximum speed is up to 18.2 Mbps for the whole array due to limited readout capability. The measurement result shows the random numbers can pass the standard randomness test without any post-processing.