Abstract
This study describes a pilot clinical validation of a new low-cost system for the continuous monitoring of the human body's cardiorespiratory activities within the magnetic resonance examination area. This study primarily focuses on monitoring cardiac activity and the related cardiac triggering. The patented system tested by the authors is based on seismocardiography (SCG). The study was conducted on 18 subjects on a Siemens Prisma 3T MR scanner. Standard anatomical and diffusion sequences were used to test cardiac activity monitoring. A wide range of commonly used diagnostic sequences were used to test imaging of the heart by means of cardiac triggering. System functionality was verified against a commercially available electrocardiography (ECG) system. Monitoring of cardiac activity (detection of the R-R interval in ECG and the AO-AO interval in SCG) was objectively evaluated by determining the overall probability of correct detection (ACC), sensitivity (SE), positive predictive value (PPV), and harmonic mean between SE and PPV, i.e. F1. Imaging quality control using Cardiac Triggering was performed by subjective evaluation of images by the physicians. The study conducted clearly confirmed the functionality of the system in terms of continuous cardiac activity monitoring. In all 18 subjects, a mean PPV > 99% was achieved; F1 > 99 %; SE > 99 %; ACC > 98 %; 1.96 sigma < 3.5 bpm. Also, Cardiac Triggering functionality was confirmed by the physicians on the basis of analyzing cardiac images using the T1/T2 balanced echo sequences and the T1 flash sequence measured natively.
Highlights
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) examination is important in the diagnosis of ischemic or inflammatoryThe associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was Yue Zhang.diseases [1]–[3]
For all 18 patients a detection of significant points in reference ECG and tested SCG signals was performed and based on the analysis described in Fig. 22, their binary classification was conducted
This pilot clinical study unambiguously confirmed the functionality of the SCG-based system tested in terms of continuous cardiac activity monitoring and the subsequent cardiac triggering
Summary
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) examination is important in the diagnosis of ischemic or inflammatoryThe associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was Yue Zhang.diseases [1]–[3]. R. Martinek et al.: Low-Cost System for SCG-Based Cardiac Triggering: A Practical Solution robust detection of scarring or inflammatory myocardial infiltration may allow treatment procedures to be adapted to prevent or delay disease progression. Martinek et al.: Low-Cost System for SCG-Based Cardiac Triggering: A Practical Solution robust detection of scarring or inflammatory myocardial infiltration may allow treatment procedures to be adapted to prevent or delay disease progression Another application of CMRI is to monitor left ventricle function and dysfunction both in diagnosing local disorders and in diagnosing global hypofunction, which is an important indicator of many heart diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infiltration with inflammatory cells or metabolic products, various types of cardiomyopathy, changes during diabetes or hypertension [4], [5]
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