Abstract
In this work, a Layered Double Hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) was obtained by coprecipitation method and used to elaborate an electrochemical sensor for the determination of isoproturon, which is a hazardous pollutant, widely used in agriculture, and its residue is distributed into aqueous environment through run-off and leaching from the soil. Various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis were used to characterize this material. The anionic exchange capacity of NiAl-LDH on carbon paste modified electrode was investigated toward [Fe(CN)6]3- using cyclic voltammetry. Used as electrode modifier of carbon paste electrode for isoproturon detection, a remarkable increase in isoproturon signal on modified carbon paste electrode by LDH was observed. The peak current obtained after 3 min of preconcentration in 25 μM ISO on NiAl-LDH/CPE was 2.6 times higher than that exhibited by the same analyte on the unmodified CPE, thereby opening the way to the development of a sensitive method for the detection of ISO. Other parameters that can affect the stripping response (preconcentration time, pH of detection medium, and LDH loading within the paste) were investigated to optimize the proposed sensor. After optimization, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range from 2 × 10−8 to 1.8 × 10−7 M, leading to a detection limit of 1 × 10−9 M (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation for 5 identical measurements was 2.7%. The interfering effect of some compounds and ions was examined on the stripping response of ISO. The applicability of the method was verified by the determination of ISO in spiked water sample.
Highlights
Isoproturon [3-(4 isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, referred to as ISO hereafter] is a phenylurea herbicide widely used for pre- and postemergence control of annual grasses and broadleaved weeds in spring and water cereals [1]
Several techniques have been reported for phenylurea herbicides determination; they include ultraviolet spectroscopy [5], capillary electrophoresis [3,6], and mainly gas or liquid chromatography [7,8]
Promising research results have been obtained with electrodes modified with Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) for electroanalysis of organic and inorganic pollutants as have been explored [11,12,13,14], because of their ability to accumulate various chemical species in their interlayer region
Summary
Isoproturon [3-(4 isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, referred to as ISO hereafter] is a phenylurea herbicide widely used for pre- and postemergence control of annual grasses and broadleaved weeds in spring and water cereals [1]. Several techniques have been reported for phenylurea herbicides determination; they include ultraviolet spectroscopy [5], capillary electrophoresis [3,6], and mainly gas or liquid chromatography [7,8]. These methods are not easy to carry out because they often necessitate long analysis times and require several preprocessing steps and expensive equipment. Erefore, the development of simple, low cost, and sensitive methodologies for monitoring of pesticides remains a daily concern Following these lines, electrochemical analysis has significant advantages such as speediness and less expensive instrumentation. It is necessary to design and synthesize adsorbents based on LDH materials for adsorption of neutral pollutants
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