A Low to Medium-Shear Extruded Kibble with Greater Resistant Starch Increased Fecal Oligosaccharides, Butyric Acid, and Other Saccharolytic Fermentation By-Products in Dogs.

Isabella Corsato Alvarenga,Dennis E Jewell,Matthew I Jackson,Charles G Aldrich

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9112293

Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Dennis E Jewell + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112293

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Journal: Microorganisms	Publication Date: Nov 4, 2021
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Kansas State University

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess whether diets with increased resistant starch (RS) had a positive effect on markers of colonic health in dogs. Three identical diets were extruded with high, medium and low shear (HS, MS and LS) to incrementally increase RS, and fed to 24 dogs in a replicated 3 × 3 William’s Latin square design for 28-day periods. Fasting blood and fresh feces were collected on the last week of each period. Fecal quality was maintained among treatments. Gut integrity markers were measured by ELISA. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by LC MS/MS. In addition, the microbiota of dogs was determined from fresh feces by 16s rRNA high throughput sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics of both feces and serum were determined by UPLC. Data were analyzed using mixed models. There were no treatment effects on satiety hormones or gut integrity markers. Dogs fed LS or MS diets had marginal evidence (p < 0.10) for decreased fecal pH and for higher concentration (p < 0.05) of butyric acid and fecal oligosaccharides, succinate and lactate. Also, dogs fed the MS or LS diets had a shift towards more saccharolytic bacteria.

Highlights

There was no difference in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and gross energy (GE)
The mechanism that led consumption of the high shear food to increase bile salt excretion is not explained. To our knowledge this is the first work to explore in depth the systemic effects of foods extruded at three levels of mechanical energy in the dog down to the level of the microbiota and metabolomics
Most positive changes resulted from dogs fed the LS and medium shear (MS) treatments relative to the HS food

Summary

Introduction

Pet food companies are in constant search of innovation for additional health benefits for their commercial products. This is frequently accomplished by exploring novel or exotic ingredients in their dietary formulae or by modifying ingredients already present in the food. Such modifications could affect nutrient availability in commonly used ingredients, such as starches in grains. Resistant starches (RS) escape small intestinal digestion and absorption, and reach the colon, where their prebiotic activity may provide health benefits [2,3,4]. Previous studies have explored health implications for dogs fed a low and high shear extrusion processes focused on local colonic effects [2,3,4]

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