A low-protein, high carbohydrate diet induces increase in serum adiponectin and preserves glucose homeostasis in rats.

Patrícia Ceolin,Maísa P Dos Santos,Flávia H.S Da Silva,Thaís S Queiroz,Claudia M.B Andrade,Mendalli Froelich,Nair H Kawashita,Amanda M Baviera,Patrícia C Lisboa,Suélem A De França,Mayara P Pereira

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180452

Abstract

The aim of this study was investigate the effects of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet introduced to rats soon after weaning. The animals were distributed in the following groups: LPHC45: fed an LPHC diet (6%-protein, 74%-carbohydrate) for 45 days; C45: fed a control (C) diet (17%-protein, 63%-carbohydrate) for 45 days; R (Reverse): fed with LPHC for 15 days followed by C diet for 30 days. The LPHC45 group showed alterations in the energetic balance with an increase in brown adipose tissue, and in glucose tolerance, and lower final body weight, muscle mass and total protein in blood when compared with C45 group. The HOMA-IR index was similar between LPHC45 and C45 groups, but this parameter was lower in LPHC45 compared with R groups. Serum adiponectin was higher in LPHC45 group than C45 and R groups. The R group presented higher fed insulin than C45 and LPHC45 and higher T4 compared with C45 group. Total cholesterol in R group was higher when compared with LPHC45 group. Thus, the data show that the change of the diet LPHC for a balanced diet led to different metabolic evolution and suggest that the different response can be due to different levels of adiponectin.

Highlights

In the last week, the difference started reducing and, on the 45th day of treatment, the food intake of rats of the LPHC45 group was similar to C45 group
Our objective in this work was to verify the effects of the LPHC diet when administered to growing rats for 45 days and the effects of the exchange by C diet after a short period on LPHC diet
Rats treated with an LPHC diet for 45 days consumed 22% more calories than the rats of the C45 group

Summary

Introduction

Studies have shown that the composition of nutrients consumed by mothers during pregnancy or infants during the first year of life can exert permanent and powerful effects on developing tissues and their function (Langley-Evans 2015).In several occidental societies, during the transition between breastfeeding and weaning, children intake a higher amount of carbohydrate and a lower amount of protein than is recommended for this stage of life (Ramalho et al 2013).Aparecida de França et al (2009), in previous studies in our laboratory, observed that rats maintained on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet (6%-protein, 74%-carbohydrate) for Biomedical SciencesAn Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(2)HORMONES AND LOW-PROTEIN, HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET15 days, introduced soon after weaning, ingested a greater amount of food and calories and showed an increase in the energy gain when compared with rats fed on a normal (control) diet (17%-protein and 63%-carbohydrate). Reduction in the body weight was observed, there was an increase in the body lipids in those animals characterizing an adiposity state Along with these alterations, rats treated with LPHC diet had higher levels of leptin (Aparecida de França et al 2009), corticosterone and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in the blood (Santos et al 2012). Other authors have suggested the inclusion of additional criteria such as oxidative stress, leptin resistance (Arch et al 1998) and an index of inflammation as TNFα or Interleukin (Reilly and Rader 2003) Based on these references, rats in the growing stage fed with the LPHC diet for 15 days showed several alterations associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome

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