Abstract
<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">In this work, a low-power IoT architecture for the monitoring of chemical emissions is presented. This system is expected to be employed to set up monitoring infrastructures in industrial plants or public buildings. The proposed system has been designed to embed different sensors. In particular, each sensor node manages a humidity sensor and an array of temperature and electrochemical gas sensors for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and oxygen (O2). Moreover, it exploits some dedicated processing algorithms to mitigate the dependence of the sensor response on temperature. The sensor node has been designed to minimise power consumption as much as possible, and it is provided with LoRa LPWAN connectivity, which allows for wide-area data transmission. Tests carried out in urban areas proved that a 3 km communication range is achievable in noisy environments. A network architecture and a data acquisition and management structure are then described. A multilayer modular topology that combines the features of LoRa technology with shorter and larger range telecommunication channels in order to develop an IoT framework that can be customised according to the physical and technical features of the deployment scenario</span></p>
Highlights
It is apparent that the man-made pollution of the atmosphere can have serious consequences
The aim of this paper was to propose and test an Internet of things (IoT) infrastructure to be employed for the monitoring of chemical emissions in different contexts, from industrial plants to Smart Cities scenarios
The two main requirements to be accomplished were the low-power consumption of the sensor nodes and their modularity
Summary
It is apparent that the man-made pollution of the atmosphere can have serious consequences. With the emergence of so-called low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, several solutions have been presented using LoRa technology in particular for environmental monitoring Most of these systems focus on smart cities [18][20], with applications measuring parameters like temperature, humidity, or pollutant concentrations. All these solutions use low-quality, off-the-shelf devices, mainly focusing on the single data acquisition platform rather than on the overall network architecture. We propose a monitoring infrastructure that allows for wide-area Internet-based data transmission, focusing on the monitoring of combustion by-products mainly in industrial plants, which is based on low-power electrochemical sensors and does not need any energy harvesting system. By deploying a very small number of gateway nodes (according to the dimensions of the city), it is possible to provide connectivity to a relatively large urban area, managing data collection from a large number of public and private end-users
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