A Low-Noise Wide-BW 3.6-GHz Digital $\Delta\Sigma$ Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer With a Noise-Shaping Time-to-Digital Converter and Quantization Noise Cancellation

Abstract

A 3.6-GHz digital fractional-N frequency synthesizer achieving low noise and 500-kHz bandwidth is presented. This architecture uses a gated-ring-oscillator time-to-digital converter (TDC) with 6-ps raw resolution and first-order shaping of its quantization noise along with digital quantization noise cancellation to achieve integrated phase noise of less than 300 fs (1 kHz to 40 MHz). The synthesizer includes two 10-bit 50-MHz passive digital-to-analog converters for digital control of the oscillator and an asynchronous frequency divider that avoids divide-value delay variation at its output. Implemented in a 0.13-mum CMOS process, the prototype occupies 0.95-mm2 active area and dissipates 39 mW for the core parts with another 8 mW for the oscillator output buffer. Measured phase noise at 3.67 GHz carrier frequency is -108 and -150 dBc/Hz at 400 kHz and 20 MHz offset, respectively.