Abstract
BackgroundStudies identifying modifiable lifestyle risk factors related to open-angle glaucoma (OAG) are limited, especially from Asian countries. This study aimed to identify lifestyle risk factors for OAG in a Japanese population.Methods and findingsThis population-based, cross-sectional study recruited Japanese participants aged 40 years or older from January 2013 to March 2015. We took fundus photographs for OAG screening, determined lifestyle and health characteristics through a questionnaire and performed physical examinations. The participants who had suspect findings in the fundus photographs were sent for a detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose OAG. Lifestyle and heath characteristics were statistically compared between the OAG and non-OAG participants. A total of 1583 participants were included in the study, of which 42 had OAG and 1541 did not have OAG. The number of days per week that the female participants consumed meat (mean±SD; OAG: 1.7±1.2 days, non-OAG: 2.7±1.5 days) was negatively associated with OAG (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43–0.88; p = 0.007). Higher intraocular pressure was positively associated with OAG in men (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05–1.38, p = 0.009). No significant difference between participants with and without OAG was observed for a range of other lifestyle factors and health criteria including self-report of diabetes, number of family living together, body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate, coffee drinking, tea drinking, alcohol drinking, number of fruits consumed per day and days of fish consumption per week.ConclusionsA higher weekly consumption of meat appears to be negatively associated with OAG in Japanese women. Increasing the dietary intake of meat can contribute to reducing the risk of developing OAG.
Highlights
2.1 million people are visually impaired as a result of glaucoma and along with macular degeneration, it is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide [1]
Higher intraocular pressure was positively associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in men (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05–1.38, p = 0.009)
A higher weekly consumption of meat appears to be negatively associated with OAG in Japanese women
Summary
2.1 million people are visually impaired as a result of glaucoma and along with macular degeneration, it is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide [1]. Heavy smoking, unmarried marital status and low consumption of certain fruits, vegetables and fatty fish were reported as risk factors for OAG [11,12,13,14]. Most of these reports are from western countries and their findings are considered controversial. In order to extrapolate these findings into an Asian cohort, we conducted a population-based study in northern Japan to search for modifiable lifestyle risk factors of OAG. Studies identifying modifiable lifestyle risk factors related to open-angle glaucoma (OAG) are limited, especially from Asian countries. This study aimed to identify lifestyle risk factors for OAG in a Japanese population
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