Abstract
Under the urgency of rational water resource allocation and effective urban flooding control, a multi-objective interval birandom chance-constrained programming (MIBCCP) model is developed for supporting regional water resource management under multiple uncertainties and climate change in this study. Two objectives were included in this model, which are the minimization of total system costs and the maximization of total pollutant-treatment amounts, respectively. The major advantage of proposed MIBCCP model is that it realized the effective combined utilization of conventional and nonconventional water sources under complexities and uncertainties through incorporating compromise programming (CP), birandom chance-constrained programming (BCCP) and interval linear programming (ILP) within a general framework. This way effectively overcome water-shortage issue and reduced urban flood frequency under climate change. A water supply management system of the educational park in Tianjin was used as a study case for demonstration. A variety of adaptive water allocation alternatives and construction schemes for LID projects under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathway 4.5 and 8.5) scenarios were obtained to deal with possible changes arising from increasing rainfall and runoff in the future. It is concluded that proposed MIBCCP model provided the effective linkage between the utilization of nonconventional water resources and urban flood prevention, and offered insights into the tradeoff between economic benefits and environmental protection.
Highlights
With the current rapid improvement in socioeconomic development, industrialization, and urbanization, urban water scarcity is becoming an overwhelmingly urgent issue on a global scale, and this is prominent in China (Loomis et al, 2019)
Introduction of Birandom Variable following the Normal Distribution Birandom variable, a concept first proposed by Peng and Liu (2007), is a useful tool to deal with problems with twofold randomness and has been successfully applied to many fields (Xu and Zhou, 2009; Xu and Ding, 2011; Xu and Tao, 2012)
To deal with the increase in the flooding risk caused by climate change, the LID project is recommended as climate mitigation measures in this research, which was capable of alleviating the adverse impact of increased stormwater based on the collection and retention facilities of the rainwater
Summary
With the current rapid improvement in socioeconomic development, industrialization, and urbanization, urban water scarcity is becoming an overwhelmingly urgent issue on a global scale, and this is prominent in China (Loomis et al, 2019). Urban water resource management patterns mainly focus on the reasonable exploitation and effective utilization of conventional water resources (including surface and underground water). Nonconventional water resources, such as rainwater and reclaimed water, have significant advantages in regard to water resource allocation and management (Ye et al, 2018). The utilization of rainwater has the effect of reducing the water supply cost by replacing potable water used for flushing toilets and watering of gardens, and reclaimed water distributes for industrial demand with an overall positive environmental impact. The random variable following the normal distribution is considered as the example. Ξ is called a birandom variable as n 1
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