Abstract
A liquid hydrogen, deuterium or helium target, insulated by vacuum and low temperature radiation shields, is described. Its future is a low evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen ≈ 10 −2lt·hr −1. Deuterium is condensed by a single current heat exchange at a final pressure of about 0.4 atm using nitrogen and hydrogen as refrigerating liquids. A valve system permits to empty and fill rapidly the liquid volume exposed to γ-ray beam. Using liquid helium the evaporation reaches values less than 2 × 10 −1lt·hr −1 of liquid.
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