Abstract
This paper presents a low-cost reflectometer for selective detection of Cu2+. The reflectometer is based on an emission light source using five light-emitting diodes at different wavelengths and a detector using a webcam. The samples were prepared using a filter paper-based colorimetric sensor with ascorbic acid-based quinoxaline derivative. Video analysis using gray color intensity was used to perform both copper ion screening (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr+3, Ni2+, Fe2+, Sn2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Ag+ and Co2+) and quantification of Cu2+ in spiked samples. In addition, a multivariate validation was performed. The system proved to be selective to Cu2+ among the screened ions, and its quantification was performed using partial least square regressions. Good linearity (R2 = 0.979, coefficient of determination), low root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP = 5.20 × 10-3 mol L-1) and high recovery (93.39-128.64%) were achieved. This method has potential to be employed for rapid and selective determination of Cu2+ in water using low-cost instrumentation.
Highlights
The design, fabrication and feasibility of portable handheld analytical instruments for detection and quantification of different classes of compounds are reported in the literature.[1]
In case of miniature ion trap mass spectrometry, which represents a high breakthrough in portable analytical instrumentation, two approaches can be used to build this kind of instrument: the bottom-up approach in which the miniature instrument is assembled with the components built on a specific scale of interest; and the top-down approach, in which the component sizes of a macroscale instrument are reduced in an interactive way to maintain their performance
Our previous work showed that AAQX selectively interacts with Cu2+ in methanolic solution, and this reaction was able to be followed through naked-eye and UV-Vis analyses.[33]
Summary
The design, fabrication and feasibility of portable handheld analytical instruments for detection and quantification of different classes of compounds are reported in the literature.[1]. Multi-LED photometers, for instance, may be sufficient for analysis or discriminatory simultaneous determinations based on multivariate analysis.[15] In the last decade, webcams,[16] digital cameras[17] and mobile phone cameras[18] have been reported as an alternative detector unit for chemical/biochemical analysis systems for portable instruments. These image detectors are based on the RGB (red-green-blue) color system and present the color of emergent radiation. The images are retrieved in the three individual R, G and B components, Vol 28, No 12, 2017 which may be addressed solely or even combined between themselves in attempt to promote a broader spectrum of applications
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