Abstract
In fact, Computer Aided Design (CAD) offers powerful design tools to produce digital large scale topographic mapping that is considered the backbone for construction projects, urban planning and landscape architecture. Nowadays local agencies in small communities and developing countries are facing some difficulties in map to map transformation and handling discrepancies between the physical reality and represented spatial data due to the need for implementing high cost systems such as GIS and the experienced staff required. Therefore, the require for providing a low-cost tool based on the most common CAD system is very important to guarantee a quality and positional accuracy of features. The main aim of this study is to describe a mathematical relationship to fulfil the coordinate conversion between two different grid references applying two-dimensional conformal polynomial models built on control points and a least squares fitting algorithm. In addition, the automation of this model was performed in the Microsoft Visual Studio environment to calculate polynomial coefficients and convert the positional property of entities in AutoCAD by developing spatial CAD tool. To evaluate the proposed approach the extracted coordinates of check points from the interpolation surface are compared with the known ones.
Highlights
Representation of the Earth’s surface on a plane is a significant and complex topic of surveyor to produce topographic maps at the field scale in many applications in civil engineering
The GIS system is applied to capture, store, retrieve, analyze and visualize spatial data with a view to support decision-making (Awange & Kiema, 2013), while Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to help in the creation, optimization, modification, or analysis of a design (Moreno & Bazán, 2017)
The developed software relies on the least squares adjustment approach to perform corrected values of conversion parameters
Summary
Representation of the Earth’s surface on a plane is a significant and complex topic of surveyor to produce topographic maps at the field scale in many applications in civil engineering. Geospatial data depict features from real world in terms of (a) their position with reference to an applied coordinate system, (b) their attributes that are unrelated to location, and (c) their topological relations that represent how they are related to each other AutoCAD data are much more precise than GIS mials can be done by applying the Cauchy-Riemann condata on large-scale maps, but they often adopt coordinate ditions on (Deakin, 2004) previous model in Eq (1). By performing the transformation between two maps from where various control stations using polynomial model and comparing the computed coordinates of check points with the z′ = x′ + i y′;. Scale factor of a point and convergence of meridian for this conversion are calculated as follows (Vanicek & Krakiwsky, 1987):
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
