Abstract
The access control mechanism in LoRa has been proven to have high security risks. In order to improve the secure access ability of LoRa terminals, this paper presents a physical layer-based authentication system for security enhancement. Different from the security access technology of cryptography, a lightweight gateway architecture called LW-LoRaWAN is proposed to realize a data frame-based authentication with radio frequency fingerprint (RFF). A novel RFF feature of Cross Power Spectral Density (CPSD) is used to achieve a fast authentication with one single frame. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed system not only reinforces the authentication security of LoRa network but also protects the LoRa terminals against the Sybil attacks. The LW-LoRaWAN provides new security approach from physical layer for LoRa network.
Highlights
Introduction eInternet of things (IoT) is related to distributed control, dynamic topology, and limited power of terminal nodes.ese characteristics of IoT make the security threats different from those of the Internet [1,2,3,4]
E first experiment tests the recognition accuracy of 8 terminals in Scenario 1 with a fixed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30 dB and a sampling frequency of 2 MHz. e comparison results are shown in Figure 18. e MLP and differential constellation trace figure (DCTF) rely on the signal details at high sampling frequency, so the identification accuracy is poor. e time plus frequency offset (TFO) and Cross Power Spectral Density (CPSD) are less affected by the sampling frequency, and the accuracy is above 80%
Compared to the two kinds of lightweight access techniques presented in Section 2, the radio frequency fingerprint (RFF)-based access method uses a different security policy
Summary
Due to the limited resources of IoT devices, the research of the IoT security focuses on the lightweight access technologies, where the lightweight cryptographic algorithm and the lightweight security protocol are the two main research directions. Is section proposes a physical layer secure access control scheme based on RFF of LoRa terminals and establishes a lightweight access protection architecture, referred to as LW-LoRaWAN. Can be very large, Function 5 is deployed to establish the relevance between the RFF and the data frame of LoRa terminals for the implementation of secure policies. 4. RFF Extraction Method for Single Data Frame e primary requirement of the LoRa gateway security enhancement is not to affect the normal functions of the original network architecture. An access control mechanism for the south side of the gateway is introduced, which requires stable and effective extraction of packet information and the corresponding RFF from each data frame. Only the 925th to 1124th dimensions of the CPSD have larger amplitudes and more obvious differences, so this 200-dimensional vector can be used as the CPSD features of the terminal
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