Abstract
Trichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the human and canine oral cavity in patients with poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay could provide clinicians with a quick, cheap and reliable diagnostic test used for the detection of T. tenax in various settings. In this study, we aimed to develop a LAMP assay that can detect T. tenax with high sensitivity and specificity. A set of LAMP primers were specifically designed to detect the ITS and 5.8S rRNA gene of T. tenax. The newly developed LAMP assay was 1000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The limit of detection of the LAMP assay was 10 fg of genomic DNA, or 0.2–1 cell. Moreover, the LAMP assay was specific, resulting in no cross-reaction even with a closely related protozoan T. vaginalis or other microorganisms (Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans) used. The present LAMP assay can be performed directly without prior DNA extraction, making the assay an easy, fast, cheap, specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of T. tenax at the point-of-care of both medical and veterinary clinics in developed and developing countries.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralTrichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the human and canine oral cavity in patients with poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease [1–4]
In a prospective study carried out in Jordan recently, it has been found that the prevalence of T. tenax among healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis groups is 3.2%, 5.7% and 25.6%, respectively
We aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that can detect T. tenax with high sensitivity and specificity
Summary
Trichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the human and canine oral cavity in patients with poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease [1–4]. T. tenax has been reported in humans since the 1960s [4] and has been connected to human periodontal disease by a systematic review and meta-analysis of 65 qualified publications [10]. In a prospective study carried out in Jordan recently, it has been found that the prevalence of T. tenax among healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis groups is 3.2%, 5.7% and 25.6%, respectively. The prevalence of T. tenax among individuals with generalized or localized conditions is 19.6% and 0.0%, respectively (p = 0.039). The odds ratios with T. tenax infection between periodontitis and healthy groups, and between periodontitis and gingivitis groups are 4.7 (95% CI: 1.0–21.8, p = 0.045) and 7.2
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