A Longitudinal Study of a Panel of Adipokines and Gestational Diabetes Risk (OR36-01-19)

Abstract

ObjectivesProspective studies with measurement of a comprehensive panel of adipokines in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes (GDM) risk are sparse, and studies of adipokines for prediction of GDM are limited. We aimed to prospectively investigate a comprehensive panel of adipokines in relation to GDM risk. MethodsWe investigated a panel of adipokines in relation to GDM risk. In a nested case-control study within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort (2009–2013), we identified 107 GDM cases and selected 214 controls matched on age, race/ethnicity, and gestational week (GW) at blood draw. Plasma Leptin, Soluble Leptin Receptor (sOB-R), Free Leptin, Chemerin, Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Retinol Binding Protein 4, Adiponectin, Omentin1, and Vaspin were measured prior to GDM at GWs 10–14, 15–26. Adjusting for maternal age, GW of blood collection, nulliparity, and family history of diabetes, conditional logistic analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associations of adipokines with GDM. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the predictive value of adipokines for GDM diagnosis. ResultsBefore GDM diagnosis, Leptin, Free Leptin, Chemerin, and FABP4 concentrations were significantly higher, and Adiponectin, and sOB-R were lower among cases than controls. At GW 10–14, Adiponectin, and sOB-R were significantly and inversely related to GDM risk. For example, across increasing quartiles of sOB-R the aOR were 1.00 (ref), 0.37 (0.19, 0.74), 0.28 (0.13, 0.59), and 0.24 (0.11, 0.52) (Ptrend ≤ .0001). In contrast, Leptin, Free Leptin, Chemerin, and FABP4 were significantly and positively associated with GDM risk; Ptrend ≤ .0001, ≤.0001, 0.005, 0.004, respectively. In general, associations of adipokines with GDM were stronger at GW 15–26. In addition, at GW 15–26, sOB-R significantly improved GDM prediction over conventional risk factors (age, GW, race, nulliparity, family history of diabetes, prepregnancy BMI) and glucose (P = 0.02). ConclusionsA panel of adipokines may be implicated in the pathogenesis of GDM with significant associations and incremental predictive value detected in early pregnancy before GDM is usually screened for. Funding SourcesEllen Francis was supported by the Graduate Partnership Program in the Office of Intramural Training & Education, a component of the National Institutes of Health. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪