A Longitudinal Investigation of Muscle Injuries in an Elite Spanish Male Academy Soccer Club: A Hamstring Injuries Approach

Javier Raya-González,Daniel Castillo,Mark De Ste Croix,Paul Read

doi:10.3390/app10051610

Abstract

The aims of this study were to analyze the muscle injury incidence in an elite Spanish soccer academy during three consecutive seasons attending to different chronological age groups (i.e., U14, U16, U19 and senior) and to examine the hamstring injury incidence in this elite soccer academy. Elite male youth soccer players (227) participated in this study. A total of 207 time-loss injuries (i.e., injuries that involve at least one absence day) were observed during this study period. The overall incidence rate of muscle injury was 1.74 muscle injuries/1000 h. In addition, higher muscle injury incidence was observed during match play in comparison to training sessions (6.78 vs. 3.20 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05). The oldest age group presented the highest injury rate (2.73 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05), with the burden (i.e., number of absence days per 1000 h of exposure) peak values recorded in the U16 age group (26.45 absence days/1000 h). In addition, muscle tears accounted for the greatest percentage of muscle injuries (43.5%), and the most frequent anatomical site of injury was the hamstring (30.4%). Muscle tear was the most common type of hamstring injury (49.2%), with the biceps femoris the most commonly injured muscle of the hamstring complex (39.7%). Fullbacks (FB), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (F) suffered a greater number of hamstring injuries. Hamstring injury incidence showed a seasonal variation, as indicated by peaks in August and October. Specifically, the highest injury incidence was observed in the final part of each period during match play. These results reinforce the necessity to implement individual preventive strategies according to each specific injury profile across the youth soccer development phase.

Highlights

IntroductionSoccer presents a high injury risk, which may have a negative impact on both the individual players’ health and team performance [2,3]
During soccer practice and match play, players are exposed to large volumes of repetitive high-intensity short-duration actions [1].Subsequently, soccer presents a high injury risk, which may have a negative impact on both the individual players’ health and team performance [2,3]
Players were classified by their primary playing position as follows: 25 goalkeepers (GK), 46 central backs (CB), 42 fullbacks (FB), 48 central midfielders (CM), 37 wide midfielders (WD) and 29 forwards (FW)

Summary

Introduction

Soccer presents a high injury risk, which may have a negative impact on both the individual players’ health and team performance [2,3]. The impact of injury must be considered from the perspective of talent development. In this sense, prolonged absence from training and match play negatively affects development of specific soccer skills [4], which have been considered critical in terms of progression in an elite soccer academy or promotion to professional competitive levels [5]. The ability to reduce injury risk is the main challenge for medical and technical staff in order to maximize the players’ performance and potential.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion