A longitudinal assessment of sex differences in the growth of the mandibular retromolar space

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess longitudinal variation in patterns of retromolar space growth, with regard to sex and cervical vertebrae maturation. DesignWe utilized serial lateral cephalograms from three craniofacial growth studies (Denver, Iowa, Oregon), measuring retromolar space and cervical vertebrae maturation in 99 subjects (56% male) from 8 to 18 years of age for each subject. Repeated measures ANOVA and a linear mixed effects model were used to assess retromolar space growth through time. ResultsOur analyses revealed an average increase in retromolar space of 8.73 mm from 8 to 18 years. While t-tests failed to find differences in retromolar space growth between males and females at the measured age points, repeated measures ANOVA and linear mixed effects models revealed modest differences in growth trends between sexes, with females having more growth earlier but a younger age of deceleration of growth (between 12 and 14 years of age). ConclusionsOur results confirm large increases in retromolar space through growth, reaching an average of 1.38 mm/year around puberty. Importantly, we add to the conversation regarding sex differences, showing differences in timing of growth. This highlights the importance of using longitudinal data and analytical approaches to address questions of this nature.