A Long-Term Study of the Reduction in Drug-Related Incident Reports and the Impact on Patients by Pharmacist Intervention in the Emergency Department.

Abstract

In Japan, pharmacists have begun working in emergency departments (ED) over the last decade. However, no reports exist on the contribution of pharmacists' activities in the ED to patient safety. We investigated whether pharmacists' long-term duties influence the number of incident reports in the ED. Of the 862 incidents reported, 152 (17.6%) were drug-related reports. Further investigations revealed that 42 cases occurred during pharmacists' usual working hours, four cases (9.5%) occurred when a pharmacist was present in the ED, and 38 cases (90.5%) occurred in the absence of a pharmacist in the ED. The number of incident reports was significantly reduced by pharmacists optimizing pharmacotherapy in the ED (p=0.002). There was a decrease in the degree of impact on patients through pharmacist duties compared to pharmacist absence (intercepting errors prior to patient administration: 4.8 vs. 31%; medication misadministration: 4.8 vs. 59.4%). Medical staff-associated factors and time of patient arrival at the ED did not have a significant impact on incident reports for any time. Long-term pharmacist duties in the ED can reduce the number of incident reports and contribute to safe medication care in the ED.