Abstract
The selection of input and output variables usually pose a problem when carrying out efficiency assessment in hospitals. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an instrument that is used to calculate the efficiency of a hospital using some inputs and outputs. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most frequently used hospital inputs and outputs from an existing paper,, in order to assist the hospital management staffs in choosing the relevant variables that can represent available inputs, are easily accessible, and need improvement. It was conducted using keywords such as “hospital efficiency” and “DEA for hospital” to search for peer-reviewed journals in the PubMed and Open Knowledge Maps from the year 2014-2020. From, the 586 articles, 54 samples were obtained from the about 5-3504 hospitals which were analyzed from 23 countries. The results showed that, the five most used inputs were the number of beds, medical personnel, non-medical staff, medical technician staff and operational costs, while the most used outputs were number of inpatients, surgeries, emergency visits, outpatient service, and days of inpatients. These variables are often used for accessing the efficiency of hospitals in the DEA application.
Highlights
Resources of hospital are demanded to fulfil what patient wants
In a study in China, large hospital expenditures affected by policy reforms did not lead to raised hospital operational efficiency (Jiang et al, 2016)
Hospital operational costs used in calculating efficiency can be in several units of currency per year
Summary
Resources of hospital are demanded to fulfil what patient wants. But in the reality, there are many hospital have not the same resources of each other so that makes inefficient resources of each hospital (Abdurachman et al, 2019). Efficiecy assesment in hospital are rarely conducted like the other sector because of resources setting and limited control of outputs (Shettian, 2017). Beside that, raising efficiency are needed especially for health care in a low or medium human development index countries. One of health care efficiency assessment problem is on methodological step (Vivekanantham et al, 2014). Efficiency is a condition when existing resources could make an usefull result. Hospital efficiency is about a hospital capacity to make a qualified result such as a well treated patient and have recovered discharged patient by using resources such as medical staff, non-medical staff, and finance. There are two type of efficiency, the first one is technical efficiency by combining or reducing input at certain level and economic efficiency by setting hospital finance (Samudro & Pratama, 2018)
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