A literature review on hosting capacity methodologies and inverter control technologies for photovoltaic system

Abstract

As a result of political and social initiatives and scientific, economic, and environmental advancements, renewable energy is growing quickly throughout the world. On the other hand, excessive penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) systems into electrical networks may lead to several issues and operational limit violations, including over and under voltages, excessive line losses, overloading of transformers and feeders, failure of the protection system, and high harmonic distortion levels that exceed international standards. Many issues arise when the system goes above its Hosting Capacity (HC) limit. Without a system upgrade, the HC is a maximum solar system that is connected to the grid. This paper presents the methods for quantifying the solar PV hosting capacity of low-voltage distribution grids. Three fundamentally different methods are considered: i) deterministic ii) stochastic iii) time series. In addition, these methods are different in input data, output data, accuracy, time that can be used to obtain the desired output, and consideration of the time-related influence and the models used. Moreover, the present advantages and disadvantages of this method, and select the best method to find hosting capacity. The second objective of this paper present types of inverters controlled for the improvement of hosting capacity in low-voltage distribution grids, the inverters control such as reactive power control (Volt-Var) control, an active power control (Volt-Watt) control, combine active and reactive power (Volt-Watt & VoltVar).