Abstract
This literature review summarizes wheelchair transportation safety, focusing on areas pertinent to designing automated vehicles (AVs) so they can accommodate people who remain seated in their wheelchairs for travel. In these situations, it is necessary to secure the wheelchair to the vehicle and provide occupant protection with a Wheelchair Tiedown and Occupant Restraint System (WTORS). For this population to use AVs, a WTORS must be crashworthy for use in smaller vehicles, able to be used independently, and adaptable for a wide range of wheelchair types. Currently available WTORS do not have these characteristics, but a universal docking interface geometry and prototype automatic seatbelt donning systems have been developed. In the absence of government regulations that address this situation, RESNA and ISO have developed voluntary industry standards to define design and performance criteria to achieve occupant protection levels for wheelchair-seated passengers that are similar to those provided by conventional vehicle seats.
Highlights
University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 481095, United States of America (USA); Abstract: This literature review summarizes wheelchair transportation safety, focusing on areas pertinent to designing automated vehicles (AVs) so they can accommodate people who remain seated in their wheelchairs for travel
This paper reviews the literature related to wheelchair transportation safety, with a focus on topics that are relevant for providing the opportunity for safe, independent use of automated vehicles to people who use wheelchairs
The Universal Docking Interface Geometry (UDIG), shown in Figure 4 [7], is one proposed solution for making docking stations that can work in a public transportation setting where one wheelchair station must secure many types of wheelchair users
Summary
Guidelines [4] through the US Access Board provides detailed transportation requirements that are translated into regulations by the US Department of Transportation These establish necessary minimum levels of accessibility and accommodations that are required in compliant public transportation, including requirements for assistance by a driver or other operator. These requirements do not consider the scenario where an individual with a disability transported in a public vehicle without a driver or other operator. This paper reviews the literature related to wheelchair transportation safety, with a focus on topics that are relevant for providing the opportunity for safe, independent use of automated vehicles to people who use wheelchairs.
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